Which of the following approaches primarily focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states?

The Behavioral Approach is the correct choice because it emphasizes the study of observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. This approach is rooted in the works of psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, who argued that psychology should focus on what can be seen and measured. They believed that behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment and can be modified through conditioning techniques, such as reinforcement and punishment.

In contrast, the Cognitive Approach focuses on internal mental states like thoughts, perceptions, and problem-solving processes, which are not directly observable. The Neuroscientific Approach concentrates on the biological underpinnings of behavior by examining brain structures and functions, thus also diverting from solely observable actions. The Psychodynamic Approach delves into unconscious motivations and childhood experiences, which again involves internal processes rather than observable behavior.