BTEC Applied Psychology Practice Test

The primary goal of operant conditioning is to modify behavior through reinforcement or punishment. This learning process, developed by B.F. Skinner, focuses on the idea that behaviors are influenced by their consequences. When a behavior is followed by a rewarding outcome (reinforcement), it is more likely to be repeated in the future. Conversely, when a behavior is followed by an unpleasant outcome (punishment), it is less likely to occur again. This mechanism allows for the systematic shaping of behavior, making it a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology.

The other options relate to different areas of psychology that involve learning or development but do not capture the essence of operant conditioning. Enhancing cognitive development through social interaction pertains more to social or cultural theories of learning, while promoting emotional development focuses on emotional and social growth in children without the direct behavioral modifications seen in operant conditioning. Assessing personality traits through structured tests falls under psychometrics and is not connected to the principles of behavior modification inherent in operant conditioning. So, the focus of operant conditioning distinctly lies in behavior modification through specific incentivized mechanisms.