Which method involves an experiment carried out in a controlled setting with an independent variable and dependent variable?

The method that involves conducting an experiment in a controlled setting with defined independent and dependent variables is a laboratory experiment. In this type of study, researchers have the ability to manipulate the independent variable systematically while controlling for other external factors that may influence the outcome. This allows for a high degree of control over the experimental conditions, ensuring that any observed effects on the dependent variable can be attributed to changes in the independent variable.

Laboratory experiments are essential for establishing cause-and-effect relationships in research, as they can minimize confounding variables that may distort the results. The controlled environment allows researchers to replicate the experiment under the same conditions to verify findings, adding to the reliability and validity of the results.

In contrast, field experiments occur in natural settings, making it difficult to isolate variables due to the presence of uncontrolled external influences. Natural experiments investigate phenomena that occur without manipulation by the researcher, and quasi-experiments involve non-random assignment to conditions, further limiting control over variables. Thus, while all these methods have their unique strengths and applications, the laboratory experiment is specifically characterized by its controlled environment and manipulation of variables.