Which gene has been significantly studied for its role in aggression and serotonin metabolism?

The MAOA gene, or monoamine oxidase A gene, has been significantly studied for its role in aggression and serotonin metabolism because it encodes an enzyme responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This enzyme plays a critical role in regulating the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which are known to influence mood and behavior, particularly aggression.

Research has shown that variations in the MAOA gene can impact an individual's vulnerability to aggressive behaviors. For instance, certain alleles of the gene have been associated with increased aggressive behavior, especially in individuals exposed to adverse environmental conditions during childhood. This link emphasizes the gene's importance in both biological and environmental contexts when it comes to aggression.

Additionally, the focus on serotonin metabolism is crucial because serotonin is a key neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation and aggression. Studies indicate that individuals with low levels of serotonin may exhibit increased aggression, making the MAOA gene central to understanding the biological underpinnings of aggressive behavior. The significant body of research around this gene has advanced our knowledge of how genetic factors influence psychological traits and behaviors, particularly in aggression and impulse control.