What does the nature-nurture debate address?

The nature-nurture debate primarily addresses the question of how much of a person's behavior, personality, and cognitive functioning is determined by genetic factors (nature) and how much can be attributed to environmental influences and experiences (nurture). This ongoing discussion in psychology considers aspects like heredity, genetics, and biological predispositions in contrast with factors such as upbringing, culture, education, and personal experiences. Answer A encapsulates this core issue, highlighting the critical examination of the balance between inherited traits and experiential variables that shape human behavior and development.

The other choices, while related to human behavior, do not capture the essence of the nature-nurture debate. For instance, the focus on educational methods suggests a more specific application of the broader topic, and discussions about personality traits or the influence of peers versus family are narrower in scope and do not encompass the overarching question of genetic versus environmental contributions to behavior.