What are defense mechanisms used for in psychology?

Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that individuals employ, often unconsciously, to cope with anxiety and stress. When faced with uncomfortable emotions or challenging situations, these mechanisms help protect the individual’s psyche from distress. For instance, a person may use denial to avoid acknowledging a painful reality or rationalization to justify their behaviors in a way that reduces anxiety.

These mechanisms can manifest in various forms, such as repression, where an individual pushes unwanted thoughts out of conscious awareness, or projection, where feelings of anxiety are attributed to someone else. By employing these defense mechanisms, individuals are able to navigate and manage their emotional responses, ultimately aiming to maintain psychological well-being.

Using defense mechanisms is not about improving cognitive or social skills directly, but rather about managing emotional challenges. They do not enhance cognitive abilities, improve communication, or foster social skills in a direct way, which focuses more on interpersonal interactions or intellectual capabilities. Instead, their primary function is rooted in emotional regulation and protection against psychological distress.