What approach to psychology focuses on learning through classical and operant conditioning?

The focus of behaviorism in psychology is on the principles of learning that occur through observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes the importance of the environment in shaping behavior, specifically through mechanisms like classical and operant conditioning.

Classical conditioning, as demonstrated by Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, involves learning through associations between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response. Operant conditioning, explored extensively by B.F. Skinner, focuses on how behaviors can be modified through reinforcements and punishments which either increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

In contrast, cognitive psychology delves into internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving, rather than overt behaviors. Humanistic psychology prioritizes individual potential and personal growth, focusing on self-actualization rather than conditioned responses. Developmental psychology studies how people grow and change throughout life, considering various factors that influence these changes rather than strictly focusing on learning behaviors through conditioning.

Therefore, the emphasis of behaviorism on classical and operant conditioning distinctly characterizes this approach as central to understanding behavior through learned experiences.