In the behavioral perspective, behaviors are primarily shaped by which factors?

The correct answer centers around the fundamental principles of the behavioral perspective, which posits that behaviors are primarily influenced by learning processes and environmental factors. This theory emphasizes how experiences shape individuals’ actions, relying heavily on concepts such as conditioning and reinforcement.

In behavioral psychology, behaviors are not seen as inherent or primarily guided by internal emotions or biological traits; rather, they develop in response to stimuli in the environment. For instance, classical conditioning demonstrates how a neutral stimulus can become associated with a significant event, thereby influencing behavior. Similarly, operant conditioning reveals how reinforcement or punishment alters the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

The other options focus on different aspects. Emotions are linked to the cognitive and emotional perspective, biological predispositions pertain more to the biological perspective of psychology that emphasizes genetics and physiology, and historical context might relate to socio-cultural influences rather than specific behavioral shaping mechanisms. Therefore, the behavioral perspective firmly rests on the assertion that learning and environmental influences are the primary shapers of behavior.